Reading Francis: The Furor Continues
By Dr. Jeff Mirus (
bio -
articles ) | October 02,
2013 3:43 PM
In view of comments received, it seems I have no choice but to write
something about Pope Francis’
interview with Eugenio Scalfari (or see the
original Italian text), which appeared yesterday in the
Italian daily
La Repubblica. But I think I have to make a pact with my
readers. We are under no obligation to follow the Pope’s every word; we are
obliged to pay close attention only when he is exercising his Petrine ministry
in relation to ourselves. On CatholicCulture.org, Phil Lawler and I have already
suggested a number of keys to understanding the broader initiatives of this
pope. He does give us plenty to think about. But it will not be fruitful to tie
ourselves in knots every time Pope Francis makes a personal comment, or
addresses himself directly to this or that person. So the pact I suggest is
this: Let us take this interview in stride more rapidly than we did the
last.
Full disclosure: I find Pope Francis challenging. I also thinks it is very
much a part of Pope Francis’ style to be deliberately provocative. For most of
us, this requires an adjustment to what we normally expect of popes. Apart from
this, it bothers me just a bit that I am more or less forced by circumstances to
write commentaries like this one. I have, after all, my own plans, and I have a
deep (and profoundly unChristlike) attachment to
my time! But God
sometimes takes us out of our own plans, and when He does, it is usually wise to
pay attention to the reasons. Perhaps learning to take a sensible view of Pope
Francis is the most serious task we have before us today….
Note this phrase “most serious”. Pope Francis used the same words when he
said that youth unemployment and the loneliness of the old were the “most
serious of the evils that afflict the world these days.” That is a neuralgic
point, so we will return to the phrase. But before we do, let us clear away some
simpler matters.
An Initial Conversation with an Atheist
The first point to be made about this interview is that it is an initial
spontaneous conversation with someone who regards himself as being at an
opposite pole from Pope Francis, namely an atheist. Right away then, we must
toss out our expectations for what the Pope should say if he were instructing
the faithful or giving a thorough explanation of some doctrine. He can do that;
he has already written an encyclical on the virtue of faith. But we need to
recognize that (if we have any sense at all) we should speak to different people
in different ways. And we should also be as generous as possible (again, if we
have any sense at all) when discussing sensitive questions with someone who is
more or less actively opposed to our religion.
We ought therefore to put on our “conversation-with-an-estranged-friend”
glasses when we read this interview. We may, I suspect, presume that the Pope
was mindful enough of the publicity it would receive to have undertaken it
partly as an example of “Catholic dialogue” (which I will hereafter
call “conversation", because “dialogue” has too much negative baggage). Now, in
such a situation, which of us would not admit the unfortunate worldliness of the
Church (in her members)? And which of us would not consider it a first step to
acknowledge the importance for each person of attempting to pursue the good,
even if his understanding of it is still quite limited? “That would be enough to
make the world a better place,” the Pope observed, and there can be
no
question that he is right—even if much more will have to be said in the
future conversations he told Eugenio Scalfari he hoped to have.
When we consider the interplay between the two men on the question of
“conversion”, we see more of the proper method of effective conversation, which
is to limit one’s immediate intentions to the opportunities of the moment. It is
typically unwise to state our ultimate hopes at the outset. Enemies of the
Church would call this recognition “Jesuitical”!
You’ll note, for example, that it is the Pope who introduces the question of
conversion. From the start he wants this thought in Scalfari’s mind. He also
wants Scalfari to know that Francis regards proselytism as wrong (proselytism is
undue or unfair pressure in making converts, and it is very wrong), and that he
is content first to get to know Scalfari and to understand him. Yet the hook is
clearly being set; there are little tugs throughout the conversation. They are
very sensitive tugs, only slightly out of rhythm with the fish. (Strike too
quickly, and the fish gets away!) The Pope assures Scalfari that grace is at
work in his soul, even though he does not believe he has a soul. So Scalfari
returns to the question of conversion and says “I do not think you would
succeed.” Pope Francis does not press, but his response is still significant. He
says: “We cannot know that.”
There is a human drama being played out here, and it is clearly the Pope’s
intention that it be the human drama of Eugenio Scalfari. When enough time has
been spent on the issue of “the Church”, Pope Francis makes an important move:
“But now let me ask you a question: you, a secular non-believer in God, what do
you believe in?” It is important for Eugenio Scalfari to explore the Church,
Pope Francis seems to say, but it is also important for Eugenio Scalfari to
explore Eugenio Scalfari—and for the Church to accompany him in that
exploration.
A “Conservative” Translation
If an understanding of the “genre” of the text is important, so is a
willingness to translate the Pope’s own modes of expression into modes with
which some of us may be more comfortable. Let us assume here that most of my
readers have what we call “conservative” tendencies. I already commented in an
earlier essay that Pope Francis does not express himself in
conservative categories: “He doesn’t seem to know the partisan shorthand; he
refuses to speak in the secret code.” And why should he?
Sometimes we are so set in our own ways of expressing things that we begin to
assume our ways are the only right ways, the ways essential to God Himself. This
being the case, let me take three examples and translate them into
“conservatese” in order to demonstrate how important it is to transcend the mere
sound of words, to penetrate the heart of what is being said:
The first example: Scalfari suggests that it has been
relatively rare in the history of the Church that it has not entangled political
considerations in its mission, and the Pope says: “It has almost never been the
case. Often the Church as an institution has been dominated by temporalism and
many members and senior Catholic leaders still feel that way.”
Now, if we look back over the course of history, it is actually very hard to
argue with this assessment. Let me also point out that even in our own
lifetimes, as Catholic “conservatives” have complained again and again, bishops
throughout the West (at least) have preoccupied themselves with politics to the
detriment of the Church’s mission. How would a “conservative” express this? Like
so:
Bishops have simply got to stop trying to be ‘players’ in the
corridors of power. They also have to stop using the episcopal conferences to
take prudential positions on everything under the sun. They need to preach the
Gospel and teach moral principles. When it comes to politics, they need to get
out of the way and let the laity do their job.
The second example: This example is very close to the first.
The Pope and Scalfari have been discussing love, and Scalfari states that he
thinks love for temporal power is still very strong within the Vatican walls and
in the institutional structures of the whole Church. “I think,” he observes,
“that the
institution dominates the poor, missionary Church that you
would like.” Pope Francis replies generously once again: “In fact, that is the
way it is, and in this area you cannot perform miracles.”
How would a “conservative” Catholic say the very same thing? Like this: “The
essential nature of the Church as bride and body of Christ is constantly
obscured by the worldliness of her members, including her leaders. It is as St.
John Chrysostom said: ‘The floor of hell is paved with the skulls of
bishops.’”
The third example: Scalfari observes that Jesus taught that
the love for others is the only way to love God. Pope Francis replies:
“
Agape, the love of each one of us for the other, from the closest to
the furthest, is in fact the only way that Jesus has given us to find the way of
salvation and of the Beatitudes.”
Now a “conservative” Catholic is not going to like this very much. He is
going to speak of the importance of forming conscience properly, of fulfilling
our obligation to worship God, of prayer, and at least nominally of letting God
work within us so that we can actually love with His love. All of these, of
course, are essential if we are going to learn how to love and develop the
capacity to love well. As Francis hinted in another place, “Someone who is not
touched by grace may be a person without blemish and without fear, as they say,
but he will never be like a person who has touched grace.”
But while the “conservative” Catholic may make a thousand distinctions (most
of which will be nothing to the purpose for an atheist), he will in the end be
forced grudgingly to cite the fourth letter of John: “If any one says, ‘I love
God,’ and hates his brother, he is a liar; for he who does not love his brother
whom he has seen, cannot love God whom he has not seen” (1 Jn 4:20). He will
also reflect on Our Lord’s vision of the Judgment in Mt 25:31-46: “As long as
you did not do it to the least of these….”
What Is Most Important to Authentic Renewal?
Finally, we need to give serious consideration to Pope Francis’ vision of
what is required for the authentic renewal of the Church, for what he says must
be understood in light of this vision. The need for Church leaders (not to
mention those of us who read Francis) to avoid “narcissism” and the need to
eliminate servile flatterers (“courtiers”, “the court”) from the retinues of
popes and bishops are definitely part of it. The need to have a Church
administration that “is not just top-down but also horizontal”, including a
greater use of “synods”, is also part of it. But for Francis such improvements
are to be placed in the service of a Church characterized by humility,
solidarity, mercy and service. These are transformational, and this theme recurs
in almost everything Pope Francis says and writes, not just the interviews.
So now we return to the question of what is “most serious”, the consideration
with which Eugenio Scalfari opened the published interview. Here is what he
quotes Pope Francis as saying:
The most serious of the evils that afflict the world these days are
youth unemployment and the loneliness of the old. The old need care and
companionship; the young need work and hope but have neither one nor the other,
and the problem is they don’t even look for them any more. They have been
crushed by the present. You tell me: can you live crushed under the weight of
the present? Without a memory of the past and without the desire to look ahead
to the future by building something, a future, a family? Can you go on like
this? This, to me, is the most urgent problem that the Church is
facing.
Of course Scalfari jumps on this, insisting that “it is largely a political
and economic problem for states, governments, political parties, trade unions.”
(And here any conservative would rightly fault Scalfari for being the leftist
that he is, restricting human flourishing to politics, suggesting that trade
unions can solve the problem of unemployment, and leaving out all other
intermediary institutions as well as the need for virtue in all human systems.)
But Pope Francis replies in his usual way, affirming but clarifying and
adjusting the other’s initial perception: “Yes, you are right, but it is also
concerns the Church, in fact, particularly the Church because this situation
does not hurt only bodies but also souls. The Church must feel responsible for
both souls and bodies.”
Now we can grant, I think, that any of us, including the pope, might stress
one aspect of a thing as the most pressing problem at one moment, and another
aspect of a thing as the most pressing problem at another, especially in
informal speech. But in the context of the Church, we must ask what central
thing is being viewed under these various aspects? The central thing envisioned
in this opening text is, in fact, a direct challenge to Scalfari’s atheism:
[T]he problem is that they don’t even look for them [work and hope]
any more. They have been crushed by the present. You tell me: can you live
crushed under the weight of the present? Without a memory of the past and
without the desire to look ahead to the future by building something, a future,
a family? Can you go on like this?
Can people go on as materialists, coming from nowhere and going nowhere? Can
you, Eugenio Scalfari, live crushed under the weight of the present
moment when it is all you have or will ever have?
This, then, “is the
most urgent problem that the Church is facing.”
For Pope Francis, this problem is situated within a profoundly Catholic view
of man, which is to say an
incarnational view, a
sacramental
view, a view which embraces the whole person, body and soul, and insists that
purpose and mercy are necessary for both if man is to avoid despair.
Conclusion
I know, I know. It is easy to make jokes about the Pope thinking unemployment
is the most important problem in the world. If this were a quiz show, very few
readers of CatholicCulture.org would guess that answer! But for Francis this is
just an angle of vision into a far deeper problem, which also applies to the
elderly, who are no longer looking for work, no longer useful, and are isolated
and neglected, often without either faith or hope, with no Christian solidarity
through which they can experience the Presence of the Living God.
If we have eyes, then let us see. And please, please, let us also learn to
read. For Pope Francis, the way to renewed strength for the mission of the
Catholic Church is for Catholics at every level to identify with all those in
need, to live in genuine solidarity with them, and to invite them as friends
into the rich life of faith, hope and love offered by the Mystical Body of
Christ. This idea should not be completely new to our readers.
CatholicCulture.org has stressed repeatedly, especially over the past few years,
that they key to cultural renewal is for Catholics to depoliticize and “begin
again to provide the kind of generous and deeply personal service to those in
need that turns heads and changes hearts” (see, most recently,
Public Life and Godly Mission: What Are the First Things
Today?).
We are not talking here of merely secular service, the service of the body,
according to whatever cultural and political fashions are current year by year,
and neither is Pope Francis. He is talking about a deeply
incarnational commitment of the members of the Church of Christ—a commitment
that seeks genuine solidarity first and foremost with those who are both
materially and spiritually deprived. We ought to ask what the Church might look
like a generation or two from now if her members could transform themselves in a
truly incarnational vision such as this? What if the Church could live her
essential identity more effectively both horizontally and vertically, fully
responsible and fully engaged in every diocese and parish, responsive to but not
generally dependent upon specific instructions from Rome? Do we assume this
would weaken the Church? Might it not instead reverse a progressive weakening
that has been going on now for centuries?
I suppose there are other aspects of the interview which might raise
eyebrows. I suppose also that we wil remain anxious about the number of people,
including too many within the Church, who are so eager to cite the Pope
superficially to justify their own worldliness. But it must not be so with us
and so, to use Pope Benedict’s term, I am trying to provide the right
“hermeneutic”, the right framework for interpretation of a pope who not only
gives interviews but preaches very pointed homilies; who not only insists on the
full gospel message but condemns abortion; who not only embraces all men and
women but upholds the importance of sound and patient catechesis; who not only
insists that every level of the Church live up to its mission but is willing to
excommunicate Catholic leaders who deny that this Catholic mission is, in fact,
the mission of Christ.
In closing, let me say again that I would not insist that Pope Francis always
identify exactly the same specific symptom as the “most serious”; indeed, I
would expect his way of talking about the larger problems we face to vary
significantly in different settings and at different times. This pope is not
primarily a scholar, and he seldom employs the scholar’s academic precision.
Neither does Scripture. And neither would I laugh too loudly at anything he may
say about particular symptoms, considering the vision and grace which
animate his selections. We all have many things to learn, and many ways to grow.
The more deeply we go, the more surely we recognize that everything leads back
to Christ. Sometimes, unfortunately, we can make this leading to Christ more
difficult than it needs to be.
Diss is the only teacher in Oregon to earn the distinction of
being credentialed to teach computer science for college credit at the
high school level. Diss is a highly qualified high school educator who
has been teaching for more than a decade at a desperate public school
that almost closed in 2010 — a school that serves a population which is
75 percent minority.
